الأحد، 13 يونيو 2010
Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb
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The so-called Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the River Nile in the vicinity of the good and for 450 years during the reign of the modern state from the date of the ancient Egyptians, which stretched from 1539 to 1075 BC as a tomb for the pharaohs of this period as there is in this valley rocky, an area of approximately 20,000 m 27 royal tombs belonging to three families, the family of Egyptian Eighteenth and Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt and the Egyptian Twenty-family has been discovered to this day
Believed that the valley has at least 30 other graves have not been discovered so far. Graves discovered in the Valley of the Kings so far in the chronological order of the rule of the Pharaohs dating back to Thutmose I and Amenhotep II and Tutankhamun and Horemheb are of the Egyptian family of eighteen, and Ramesses I and Seti I and Ramses II and Aminmsis, Citibank, the second and Sptah and are of the family Egyptian ninth century, and six Nachti and Ramses III and Ramses IV and Ramses V and Ramses IX are of the Egyptian family XX,. There are the tombs of other pharaohs are still unknown attempts are under way to knowledge.
Building was the tomb of the pharaoh usually begins just days after his inauguration pharaoh of Egypt and the construction will take probably tens of years and the workers were using simple tools such as ax to dig grooves long and the formation of small rooms in the valley and over time there were tombs built over the graves, and the construction of tunnels and canyons of the new lead mostly to the blockage of corridors leading to the tomb of the pharaoh earlier, the lack of orderly planning this was the main reason that led to the survival of these treasures and not exposed to theft of thousands of years.
In the November 4, 1922 when he was an archaeologist and specialist in the history of ancient Egypt, the British Carter, the excavations at the entrance to the tunnel leading to the tomb of Ramses IV in the Valley of the Kings noticed a basement large and continued exploration flour to that entered the room, which includes the tomb of Tutankhamun was on the walls of the room containing the mausoleum of the fees in the form of wonderful pictures tell the story of Tutankhamun's departure to the world of the dead and the scene was very good for the world Carter, who was seen to the room through a hole in his hand a candle and said that the assistant asked, "Can you see anything?" Carter with his weapon, "Yes, I see wonderful things."
On February 16, 1923 Howard Carter (1874-1939) was the first man in more than 3000 years the land set foot room containing the ark of Tutankhamun. Note Carter and a wooden box decorated inlaid with gold in the middle of the room and when he raised the Fund noted that the Fund was covering second fund textured carvings inlaid with gold and when you lift the second fund noted that the second fund was covering fund III restaurant in gold and when you raise a third fund Carter arrived to the sarcophagus which was covered with a thick layer of stone carved in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun and when rising to the cap stone Carter arrived to the coffin of the principal, who was in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun was the golden coffin covered coffins Gold Sponsors others in the form of statues of the young Pharaoh.
Met with Howard difficulty in lifting the shroud Golden III, who was covering the mummy of Tutankhamun for the mummy idea, Carter put the shroud to heat the sun Summer Egypt blazing would be enough to separate the shroud Golden mummy but his attempts failed and was forced at last to cut the shroud golden in half to reach the mummy which was wrapped in layers of silk and after removal of the shroud is made of cloth found the mummy of Tutankhamun fully decorated from necklaces and rings and crown and sticks and were all of pure gold, to remove these artifacts had excavation team to the separation of the skull and bones of major joints and then remove the jewelry team brought installation of the skeleton of the mummy and placed in a wooden coffin.
Believed that the valley has at least 30 other graves have not been discovered so far. Graves discovered in the Valley of the Kings so far in the chronological order of the rule of the Pharaohs dating back to Thutmose I and Amenhotep II and Tutankhamun and Horemheb are of the Egyptian family of eighteen, and Ramesses I and Seti I and Ramses II and Aminmsis, Citibank, the second and Sptah and are of the family Egyptian ninth century, and six Nachti and Ramses III and Ramses IV and Ramses V and Ramses IX are of the Egyptian family XX,. There are the tombs of other pharaohs are still unknown attempts are under way to knowledge.
Building was the tomb of the pharaoh usually begins just days after his inauguration pharaoh of Egypt and the construction will take probably tens of years and the workers were using simple tools such as ax to dig grooves long and the formation of small rooms in the valley and over time there were tombs built over the graves, and the construction of tunnels and canyons of the new lead mostly to the blockage of corridors leading to the tomb of the pharaoh earlier, the lack of orderly planning this was the main reason that led to the survival of these treasures and not exposed to theft of thousands of years.
In the November 4, 1922 when he was an archaeologist and specialist in the history of ancient Egypt, the British Carter, the excavations at the entrance to the tunnel leading to the tomb of Ramses IV in the Valley of the Kings noticed a basement large and continued exploration flour to that entered the room, which includes the tomb of Tutankhamun was on the walls of the room containing the mausoleum of the fees in the form of wonderful pictures tell the story of Tutankhamun's departure to the world of the dead and the scene was very good for the world Carter, who was seen to the room through a hole in his hand a candle and said that the assistant asked, "Can you see anything?" Carter with his weapon, "Yes, I see wonderful things."
On February 16, 1923 Howard Carter (1874-1939) was the first man in more than 3000 years the land set foot room containing the ark of Tutankhamun. Note Carter and a wooden box decorated inlaid with gold in the middle of the room and when he raised the Fund noted that the Fund was covering second fund textured carvings inlaid with gold and when you lift the second fund noted that the second fund was covering fund III restaurant in gold and when you raise a third fund Carter arrived to the sarcophagus which was covered with a thick layer of stone carved in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun and when rising to the cap stone Carter arrived to the coffin of the principal, who was in the form of a statue of Tutankhamun was the golden coffin covered coffins Gold Sponsors others in the form of statues of the young Pharaoh.
Met with Howard difficulty in lifting the shroud Golden III, who was covering the mummy of Tutankhamun for the mummy idea, Carter put the shroud to heat the sun Summer Egypt blazing would be enough to separate the shroud Golden mummy but his attempts failed and was forced at last to cut the shroud golden in half to reach the mummy which was wrapped in layers of silk and after removal of the shroud is made of cloth found the mummy of Tutankhamun fully decorated from necklaces and rings and crown and sticks and were all of pure gold, to remove these artifacts had excavation team to the separation of the skull and bones of major joints and then remove the jewelry team brought installation of the skeleton of the mummy and placed in a wooden coffin.
Cause of death of Tutankhamun
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For a long time was the cause of death of Tutankhamun, a controversial issue and there were a lot of conspiracy theories which suggest the idea that he did not die but was killed in the assassination. In the March 8, 2005 and as a result of the use of imaging software Acharhristi three-dimensional three-dimensional CT scans of Tutankhamun's mummy, said archaeologist of Egypt, Zahi Hawass, that there are no evidence that King Tut has been subjected to the assassination, adding that the hole in his skull does not back for some reason received a blow on the head as it was previously thought, but was to have this slot after death for the purpose of embalming and the reason is Zahi Hawass, the break in the bone left thigh, which has long been linked to the theory of the murder as a result of a broken thigh bone suffered Tutankhamun before his death, Perhaps inflammation resulting from this fraction may have caused his death.
Tests show modern also said that the greatness of the roof cavity, oral of Tutankhamun was not complete, the height of Tutankhamun 170 cm and the length accidental skull is larger than normal height, which led some to propose disease Marfan syndrome Marfan's syndrome as a cause of death early this situation and genetic transfer by autosomal dominant genes.
The final report of the Group of archaeologists of Egypt that the cause of death was blood poisoning as a result of fracture in the femur in which he was Tutankhamun, which led to Gangrene which is a cell death and tissue degradation as a result of secretion of enzymes from the muscles of dead due to lack of oxygen to the blood .
Before this report, there were attempts to learn the cause of death using X-ray X-rays on the mummy of Tutankhamun was at Liverpool University and the University of Michigan in 1968 and 1978 respectively and reached both universities to explore cloud under the skull of Tutankhamun from the back, which was interpreted Kinsev in the brain, which led to the spread of the hypothesis that he had received a blow on the head led to bleeding in the brain and death
Tests show modern also said that the greatness of the roof cavity, oral of Tutankhamun was not complete, the height of Tutankhamun 170 cm and the length accidental skull is larger than normal height, which led some to propose disease Marfan syndrome Marfan's syndrome as a cause of death early this situation and genetic transfer by autosomal dominant genes.
The final report of the Group of archaeologists of Egypt that the cause of death was blood poisoning as a result of fracture in the femur in which he was Tutankhamun, which led to Gangrene which is a cell death and tissue degradation as a result of secretion of enzymes from the muscles of dead due to lack of oxygen to the blood .
Before this report, there were attempts to learn the cause of death using X-ray X-rays on the mummy of Tutankhamun was at Liverpool University and the University of Michigan in 1968 and 1978 respectively and reached both universities to explore cloud under the skull of Tutankhamun from the back, which was interpreted Kinsev in the brain, which led to the spread of the hypothesis that he had received a blow on the head led to bleeding in the brain and death
The reign of Tutankhamoun
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During the reign of Tutankhamun has started a revolution of Tel el-Amarna against the former pharaoh Akhenaten, who moved the capital from Thebes to the new capital furnace sister queens and try to unite the gods of ancient Egypt, including the multi-god Amun in the form of the one God Aten. In 1331 BC. M. Ie, in the third year of the reign of Tutankhamun, who was 11 years and the impact of the Minister خپر خپرو Re Aye lift the ban on the worship of multiple gods and returned the capital to Thebes.
There is a belief that the death of Tutankhamun was not for reasons satisfactory, but it may be a result of the assassination of his minister (خپرخپرو Ra any) of plotting and there is plenty of evidence supplied by the believers in this theory, for example, marriage minister (خپرخپرو Re IE), the widow of Tutankhamun Tutankhamun where he found the seal of Pharaonic bears the name of any and Ankhesen Amon Tutankhamen's widow and there is also a letter sent Ankhesen Amon (Tutankhamen's widow) to the king of the Hittites asking him to send one of his sons for the purpose of marrying her after the death of her husband and the king of the Hittites to send one his sons to marry the widow of Tutankhamun, but he died before he could enter the land to Egypt and there believe that he was assassinated, probably engineered by the Minister خپرخپرو Re Ai apparently had been planning to seize the throne Egypt, and consequently killed Pharaoh Tutankhamun died Aris widow but these hypotheses and there was no conclusive evidence to prove all these theories.
It is noteworthy that the historical evidence indicate the presence of ministers of Tutankhamun, one iPhone that has been mentioned and the other was named Horemheb There is archaeological evidence confirms that after the death of Tutankhamun receive Minister Aye reins of power for a short period to be replaced by the Second Minister of Horemheb, which was in his destroyed most of the evidence of the reign of Tutankhamun and the minister Aye and this confirms some of the conspiracy theory and the fact that the death of Tutankhamun as a result of the assassination and not for reasons satisfactory.
There is a belief that the death of Tutankhamun was not for reasons satisfactory, but it may be a result of the assassination of his minister (خپرخپرو Ra any) of plotting and there is plenty of evidence supplied by the believers in this theory, for example, marriage minister (خپرخپرو Re IE), the widow of Tutankhamun Tutankhamun where he found the seal of Pharaonic bears the name of any and Ankhesen Amon Tutankhamen's widow and there is also a letter sent Ankhesen Amon (Tutankhamen's widow) to the king of the Hittites asking him to send one of his sons for the purpose of marrying her after the death of her husband and the king of the Hittites to send one his sons to marry the widow of Tutankhamun, but he died before he could enter the land to Egypt and there believe that he was assassinated, probably engineered by the Minister خپرخپرو Re Ai apparently had been planning to seize the throne Egypt, and consequently killed Pharaoh Tutankhamun died Aris widow but these hypotheses and there was no conclusive evidence to prove all these theories.
It is noteworthy that the historical evidence indicate the presence of ministers of Tutankhamun, one iPhone that has been mentioned and the other was named Horemheb There is archaeological evidence confirms that after the death of Tutankhamun receive Minister Aye reins of power for a short period to be replaced by the Second Minister of Horemheb, which was in his destroyed most of the evidence of the reign of Tutankhamun and the minister Aye and this confirms some of the conspiracy theory and the fact that the death of Tutankhamun as a result of the assassination and not for reasons satisfactory.
Tutankamun’s life
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Thought by most experts Archaeology that Tutankhamun was either the son of Amenhotep IV better known as Akhenaten, or Amenhotep III is believed to be the rule ranged from 8-10 years, and show mummy tags that he was a young man less than twenty years of age and has been the conclusion recently, the use of means Haditha said was probably a nine-year-old when he died.
In 2005 by a team of archaeologists and specialists in the history of ancient Egypt from Egypt and the United States and France, in conjunction with the magazine National Geographic trying to create a similar picture as much as possible in Tutankhamun and based their attempt on the skull of Tutankhamun and the means of modern imaging software Acharhristi triangular D Three-dimensional CT Scans and considered the model provided by the team of the closest models to the true shape of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, but there was a difference on the color of the skin and eyes where not available to this day of technology by which can determine the color of the skin based on the remains of the mummy.
There is widespread belief among archaeologists and specialists the dating of ancient Egypt, the rate of Tutankhamun is as follows:
* Amenhotep III (1390 - 1353 BC. M.) Major and wives Queen Tiye (1390-1340 BC. M.) Anajabua pharaoh Akhenaten, who was called, also known as Amenhotep IV. The Akhenaten (1353 - 1336 BC. M.) He married In addition to his main Nefertiti (1352 - 1340 BC. m.) from the wife of a secondary name Kiya and is likely to be the mother of Tutankhamun (1332 - 1322 BC. m..) and that of Tutankhamun (1332 - 1322 BC. m.) became Pharaoh of Egypt as a child and died in mysterious circumstances and his wife was an unknown name Ankh Amun Essen. The pharaoh who came after Tutankhamun was his former Re Ai, who married Ammon's widow, Ankhesen Tutankhamun
.
In 2005 by a team of archaeologists and specialists in the history of ancient Egypt from Egypt and the United States and France, in conjunction with the magazine National Geographic trying to create a similar picture as much as possible in Tutankhamun and based their attempt on the skull of Tutankhamun and the means of modern imaging software Acharhristi triangular D Three-dimensional CT Scans and considered the model provided by the team of the closest models to the true shape of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, but there was a difference on the color of the skin and eyes where not available to this day of technology by which can determine the color of the skin based on the remains of the mummy.
There is widespread belief among archaeologists and specialists the dating of ancient Egypt, the rate of Tutankhamun is as follows:
* Amenhotep III (1390 - 1353 BC. M.) Major and wives Queen Tiye (1390-1340 BC. M.) Anajabua pharaoh Akhenaten, who was called, also known as Amenhotep IV. The Akhenaten (1353 - 1336 BC. M.) He married In addition to his main Nefertiti (1352 - 1340 BC. m.) from the wife of a secondary name Kiya and is likely to be the mother of Tutankhamun (1332 - 1322 BC. m..) and that of Tutankhamun (1332 - 1322 BC. m.) became Pharaoh of Egypt as a child and died in mysterious circumstances and his wife was an unknown name Ankh Amun Essen. The pharaoh who came after Tutankhamun was his former Re Ai, who married Ammon's widow, Ankhesen Tutankhamun
.
. KingTut’s Life
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Tutankhamoun was one of the Pharaohs of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt in the history of ancient Egypt, and was the pharaoh of Egypt from 1334 BC 1325. M. In the era of the modern state. The Tutankhamun of the most famous pharaohs, for reasons not related to the accomplishments achieved or wars won by, but for other reasons, the most prominent is the discovery of his tomb and treasures in full without any damage or theft and the mystery surrounding the circumstances of his death saluted considered many of the death of Pharaoh at a very early age is often seen as natural, especially with The presence of fractures in the bony hip and the skull and marriage and the minister of his widow after his death, declaring himself Pharaoh, all these mysterious events and heavy usage of the myth of the curse of the pharaohs associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun that were used in movies and video games made Tutankhamun months pharaohs, for reasons not related to The absolute or historic significance of the achievements achieved during his years as Pharaoh of Egypt and the short but to the mysteries and unanswered questions considered by some as the assassinations of the oldest in human history.
Tutankhamun was 9 years old when he became pharaoh of Egypt and his name in ancient Egyptian means "the living image of the god Amun", which is great ancient Egyptian gods. Tutankhamun lived in a transitional period in the history of ancient Egypt, where he came after Akhenaten, who tried to unify the gods of ancient Egypt in the form of the one God was in his return to the worship of multiple gods of ancient Egypt. His tomb was discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Howard Carter and the latest to discover this much fanfare and widespread in the world.
Tutankhamun was 9 years old when he became pharaoh of Egypt and his name in ancient Egyptian means "the living image of the god Amun", which is great ancient Egyptian gods. Tutankhamun lived in a transitional period in the history of ancient Egypt, where he came after Akhenaten, who tried to unify the gods of ancient Egypt in the form of the one God was in his return to the worship of multiple gods of ancient Egypt. His tomb was discovered in 1922 by British archaeologist Howard Carter and the latest to discover this much fanfare and widespread in the world.
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